Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs, particularly puppies. It is currently a major concern in Australia and many other parts of the world. The virus primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract, causing severe symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea (often bloody), lethargy, loss of appetite, and dehydration. In severe cases, CPV can be fatal, especially for young puppies or unvaccinated dogs.
Key Facts About Canine Parvovirus (CPV)
Prevalence
- CPV is present across Australia, and outbreaks have occurred recently in the northern and western suburbs of Adelaide.
- Areas with higher dog populations can experience more frequent outbreaks.
Transmission
- The virus spreads through direct contact with an infected dog or contaminated objects like bedding and food dishes, as well as environments such as parks, pavements, or kennels. It is primarily transmitted via excretions, most commonly faeces.
- Parvovirus is incredibly resilient and can survive in the environment for months, making it easy for dogs to contract the virus even from seemingly clean places.
Risk Factors
- Puppies are most at risk, especially those who have not completed their vaccination schedule.
- Older, unvaccinated dogs can contract the virus.
- Poor hygiene and a lack of vaccination are significant contributors to the spread of parvovirus.
Prevention
- Vaccination is the most effective way to protect dogs against Canine Parvovirus (CPV). Puppies should start their vaccination course at 6-8 weeks of age, followed by an annual booster.
- Adult dogs also need annual boosters to maintain their immunity.
- It’s also wise to keep dogs away from areas where infected dogs may have been, especially during their first few months of life.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Common symptoms of Canine Parvovirus (CPV) include vomiting, diarrhoea (often with blood), lethargy, loss of appetite, and fever.
- A veterinarian will diagnose CPV based on clinical signs and confirm it through lab tests, such as faecal tests identifying the virus.
Treatment
- There is no specific antiviral treatment for Canine Parvovirus (CPV). Supportive care is crucial and often includes intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, medications to control vomiting and diarrhoea, and sometimes antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
- The sooner treatment is initiated, the higher the chances of survival, especially if the dog is otherwise healthy. The case fatality rate for untreated dogs is approximately 90%, while treated dogs have an average case fatality rate of around 20%.
Public Awareness
- In Australia, veterinarians and animal shelters emphasise vaccination and hygiene to help curb the spread of CPV.
If you are a dog owner, please ensure your dog’s vaccinations are up to date.
Here is a recent media story about the CPV outbreak here.
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